What is HAS-BLED?
HAS-BLED is a clinical score that estimates the risk of major bleeding in patients on long-term anticoagulation, most commonly in the context of atrial fibrillation. It was developed by Pisters and colleagues using data from the Euro Heart Survey and published in Chest in 2010. Its main practical value is identifying modifiable bleeding risk factors, like uncontrolled blood pressure or concurrent NSAID use, rather than simply flagging high-risk patients as ineligible for anticoagulation.
How to calculate HAS-BLED
Nine criteria, each worth one point (maximum 9 - note that "A" and "D" can each contribute two separate points):
- Hypertension - uncontrolled, systolic >160 mmHg
- Abnormal renal function - dialysis, transplant, or creatinine >2.26 mg/dL
- Abnormal liver function - cirrhosis, or bilirubin >2x normal with AST/ALT/ALP >3x normal
- Stroke history
- Bleeding history or predisposition
- Labile INR - unstable, <60% time in therapeutic range
- Elderly - age >65
- Drugs - concurrent antiplatelet agents or NSAIDs
- Drinking - alcohol excess (8+ drinks/week)
Interpretation
A score of 3 or more indicates high bleeding risk. This is a flag for closer monitoring and correction of modifiable risk factors, not by itself a reason to withhold anticoagulation when there's a clear indication (e.g. a high CHA2DS2-VASc score). The two scores are designed to be used together, weighing stroke prevention against bleeding risk.
References
Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, et al. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2010.
See also: CHA₂DS₂-VASc Calculator — used alongside HAS-BLED for anticoagulation decisions.